Postharvest environmentally and human-friendly pre-treatments to minimize carrot waste in the supply chain caused by physiological disorders and fungi

Carrot is one of the most important horticultural crops, with an annual worldwide production exceeding 40 million tonnes. Carrots are sold either fresh intact or fresh-cut as minimally processed vegetables (MPV). In postharvest supply chain, physiological disorders, fungal decay, and their combinations reduce quality MPV carrots. carrots more susceptible to changes than due a higher loss protective epidermis, greater number wounded cells, increased respiration rates. The current review summarizes different environmentally human-friendly treatments applied in chain minimize adverse effects handling storage on disorders decay. Bitterness, white blush, browning critical Bitterness can be prevented by storing well-ventilated rooms without ethylene-producing fruit vegetables, while blush controlled application heat treatment, ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), edible films. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria radicina, Berkeleyomyces spp. (formerly Thielaviopsis spp.) fungi causing carrot losses waste. Fungal decay selecting healthy applying natural compounds, ozone (O3), UV-irradiation, inorganic salt, and/or biocontrol agents, combinations. However, successful combination sustainable treatment methods requires compatibility, -omics techniques may reveal best methods.